TC4在海水和酸雨中的腐蚀磨损交互作用研究

以GCr15/TC4为摩擦副,蒸馏水、人工海水和人工酸雨为腐蚀润滑介质,使用TRB3销-盘式摩擦磨损试验机研究不同水基介质对TC4合金磨蚀机制及腐蚀磨损交互作用的影响。结果表明：不同水基介质中TC4合金的磨损机制不同,海水中疲劳剥层最严重,蒸馏水中粘着磨损最明显,酸雨中磨粒磨损最显著,且海水和酸雨中的摩擦系数略低于蒸馏水。酸雨中磨痕的长度、宽度、深度均大于海水和蒸馏水;TC4合金磨损体积表现为酸雨>海水>蒸馏水,随循环次数增加呈线性增长。3种介质中TC4合金腐蚀磨损交互作用比率表现为酸雨>海水>蒸馏水趋势,蒸馏水中TC4材料流失由机械因素主导,海水和酸雨中则由腐蚀交互作用与机械因素主导;随着载荷增加蒸馏水中的腐蚀交互作用比率降低,机械因素对磨蚀的影响逐渐显著。     

Die Sturzflut von Braunsbach – Ingenieuranalyse der Gebäudeschäden

The flash flood of Braunsbach – engineering analysis of the building damage At the end of May to the beginning of June, a series of extreme rainfall events occurred in the southern part of Germany, which triggered some severe flash floods with significant building damage in the affected municipalities. The devastating flash flood of May 29, 2016 in Braunsbach in the district Schwäbisch Hall in Baden‐Württemberg caused heavy structural damage to some of the approximately 130 affected buildings. The paper gives an overview of the building damages documented immediately after the event. The damages cases were classified and assessed using the evaluation system of the EDAC‐flood damage model developed at the Earthquake Damage Analysis Center (EDAC) of the Bauhaus‐Universität Weimar. The analysis illustrates the particularities of the damage patterns due to flash floods compared to conventional river floods.     

Base Flip in DNA Studied by Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Differently-Oxidized Forms of Methyl-Cytosine

Distortions in the DNA sequence, such as damage or mispairs, are specifically recognized and processed by DNA repair enzymes. Many repair proteins and, in particular, glycosylases flip the target base out of the DNA helix into the enzyme’s active site. Our molecular dynamics simulations of DNA with intact and damaged (oxidized) methyl-cytosine show that the probability of being flipped is similar for damaged and intact methyl-cytosine. However, the accessibility of the different 5-methyl groups allows direct discrimination of the oxidized forms. Hydrogen-bonded patterns that vary between methyl-cytosine forms carrying a carbonyl oxygen atom are likely to be detected by the repair enzymes and may thus help target site recognition.     

Combinatorial Measurement of CDKN1A/p21 and KIF20A Expression for Discrimination of DNA Damage-Induced Clastogenicity

In vitro mammalian cytogenetic tests detect chromosomal aberrations and are used for testing the genotoxicity of compounds. This study aimed to identify a supportive genomic biomarker could minimize the risk of misjudgments and aid appropriate decision making in genotoxicity testing. Human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells were treated with each of six DNA damage-inducing genotoxins (clastogens) or two genotoxins that do not cause DNA damage. Cells were exposed to each compound for 4 h, and gene expression was comprehensively examined using Affymetrix U133A microarrays. Toxicogenomic analysis revealed characteristic alterations in the expression of genes included in cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A/p21)-centered network. The majority of genes included in this network were upregulated on treatment with DNA damage-inducing clastogens. The network, however, also included kinesin family member 20A (KIF20A) downregulated by treatment with all the DNA damage-inducing clastogens. Downregulation of KIF20A expression was successfully confirmed using additional DNA damage-inducing clastogens. Our analysis also demonstrated that nucleic acid constituents falsely downregulated the expression of KIF20A, possibly via p16 activation, independently of the CDKN1A signaling pathway. Our results indicate the potential of KIF20A as a supportive biomarker for clastogenicity judgment and possible mechanisms involved in KIF20A downregulation in DNA damage and non-DNA damage signaling networks.     

O6‐Alkylguanine‐DNA Alkyltransferase‐Mediated Repair of O4‐Alkylated 2′‐Deoxyuridines

O⁶‐Alkylguanine‐DNA alkyltransferases (AGTs) are responsible for the removal of O⁶‐alkyl 2′‐deoxyguanosine (dG) and O⁴‐alkyl thymidine (dT) adducts from the genome. Unlike the E. coli OGT (O⁶‐alkylguanine‐DNA‐alkyltransferase) protein, which can repair a range of O⁴‐alkyl dT lesions, human AGT (hAGT) only removes methyl groups poorly. To uncover the influence of the C5 methyl group of dT on AGT repair, oligonucleotides containing O⁴‐alkyl 2′‐deoxyuridines (dU) were prepared. The ability of E. coli AGTs (Ada‐C and OGT), human AGT, and an OGT/hAGT chimera to remove O⁴‐methyl and larger adducts (4‐hydroxybutyl and 7‐hydroxyheptyl) from dU were examined and compared to those relating to the corresponding dT species. The absence of the C5 methyl group resulted in an increase in repair observed for the O⁴‐methyl adducts by hAGT and the chimera. The chimera was proficient at repairing larger adducts at the O⁴ atom of dU. There was no observed correlation between the binding affinities of the AGT homologues to adduct‐containing oligonucleotides and the amounts of repair measured.     

成品油长输管道泄漏事故树风险分析

分析了某在建成品油长输管道投运后可能导致泄漏事故的诸因素,建立了泄漏事故树模型。通过泄漏事故树的最小径集以及基本事件的结构重要度对泄漏事件做了定性分析,识别引起管道泄漏的主要因素,提出了安全防范措施,为更好地实施长输管道安全管理提供重要依据。     

型钢-钢纤维混凝土组合梁抗弯性能试验研究

为解决型钢混凝土结构中型钢与钢筋相互干扰、混凝土浇筑困难等施工难题,将型钢混凝土梁中的钢筋笼完全或部分替换成钢纤维,形成型钢–钢纤维混凝土组合梁。完成12个型钢钢纤维混凝土组合梁和1个未添加钢纤维、未设置钢筋笼对比试件的抗弯性能试验。主要研究钢纤维掺量、型钢配钢率、箍筋设置和主筋设置对抗弯性能的影响。增加钢纤维用量能够在一定程度上提高承载力,其影响程度与型钢配钢率有重要的相关性,型钢配钢率越大,钢纤维的影响越突出。纵筋的设置能够大幅提升承载力,箍筋和钢纤维能够使纵筋对承载力的增强效果更为突出。试验结果表明：在相似用钢量的情况下,无配筋的型钢钢纤维混凝土组合梁不但能够解决型钢混凝土结构的施工困难,而且能够大幅提升延性性能,但由于未配置纵筋,正截面抗弯能力有所削弱;减小保护层厚度,提高型钢配钢率,能够充分发挥型钢翼缘良好的抗弯能力,弥补未设置主筋对承载力的影响,同时增加钢纤维用量,解决因保护层减小而导致的钢与混凝土界面黏结性能变差的问题;在设置钢纤维的情况下,钢纤维掺量较多试件的损伤发展快于掺量较少的试件,并且随着钢纤维掺量的增加,峰值荷载的损伤度越来越大;钢纤维用量越多,试件在峰值荷载状态下的耐损伤性能越好,即使在较严重的损伤状态下也依然能够保持极限承载能力。     

珊瑚砂动剪切模量预测的应变-损伤状态耦合模型

对南海饱和珊瑚砂进行了4类不同加载模式的不排水动三轴试验,研究了不同相对密度Dr和平均有效围压σ'0下加载第一周的动剪切模量比G1st/G0与剪应变幅值γa的关系,G1st/G0受Dr的影响很小,随σ'0的增大而增大。由于分级加载过程中土体结构与相对密度发生改变,在γa3×10-4时,应变控制的分级循环加载获得的G1st/G0-γa曲线位于等应变幅值循环加载获得的G1st/G0-γa曲线的上方。结合两类试验结果,给出了饱和珊瑚砂的G1st/G0-γa模型。基于弹性应变能理论,提出了可以描述土体损伤状态的状态参数Pd(damage parameter),探究了不同加载模式下动剪切模量比G/G0随土体损伤状态参数Pd的发展规律。在双对数坐标中,同一应变幅值下的(1-G/G0)-Pd可用直线表示,其斜率与应变幅值γa和历史加载过程中的最大应变幅值γa,max有关。结合G1st/G0-γa和G/G0-Pd关系,给出了可以同时反映应变幅值和破坏状态影响的珊瑚砂动剪切模量预测模型。